The plate obstructing the flow offers a precisely measured obstruction that narrows the pipe and forces the flowing fluid to constrict. With an orifice plate, the fluid flow is measured through the difference in pressure from the upstream side to the downstream side of a partially obstructed pipe. Note that it is common to use " head" instead of "pressure"Ĭommon types of differential pressure flow meters are: Ρ = density of fluid (kg/m 3, slugs/ft 3) The differential pressure flow meter is based on the Bernoulli Equation where the pressure drop and the further measured signal is a function of the square flow speed. In a differential pressure drop device the flow is calculated by measuring the pressure drop over an obstructions inserted in the flow. For Open Channel Flow meters - weirs, flumes, submerged orifices, current meters, acoustic flow meters and more.major friction loss in Ducts, Tubes and Pipes.The flow rate depends mainly on the pressure difference between the ends, the distance between the ends, the area of the conduit and the hydraulic properties of the conduit - like the shape, roughness and restrictions like bends. Flow in water supply pipes or district heating pipes are typical examples. A progressive fall or decrease in the water surface elevation occurs as the flow moves downstream.Ĭlosed conduit flow occurs when the flow is caused by a pressure difference in the conduit. In open channel flow the force causing the flow the force of gravity on the fluid. Flows in canals or vented pipelines - like drain and sewers - which are not flowing full, are typical examples.
#We want to measure the fluid velocity using a pitot tube free#
Open channel flow occur when the flowing stream has a free or unconstrained surface open to the atmosphere. Flow is classified into open channel flow and closed conduit flow.
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